What exactly happens during menstruation?

Menstruation, often called a period, is a natural part of the female reproductive cycle. It’s the body’s way of resetting itself when pregnancy doesn’t occur. Here’s what happens step by step:

1. The Uterus Prepares

  • Each month, hormones like estrogen and progesterone tell the uterus to build a thick lining (endometrium).

  • This lining is full of blood and nutrients, ready to support a fertilized egg.

2. No Pregnancy = Shedding Begins

  • If the egg isn’t fertilized, hormone levels drop sharply.

  • The uterus no longer needs the lining, so it sheds it away.

3. Bleeding Starts

  • The uterine lining breaks down and exits the body through the vagina.

  • The flow is a mix of:

    • Blood

    • Tissue from the uterine lining

    • Cervical mucus

This is why period blood can look different (bright red, dark, or even clotty).

4. The Role of Cramps

  • The uterus contracts to push out the lining.

  • These contractions cause cramps or pain in the lower belly and back.

5. How Long It Lasts

  • Menstruation usually lasts 3–7 days.

  • On average, a woman loses 30–80 ml of blood (about 2–6 tablespoons).

6. What Else Happens in the Body

  • Hormonal changes can bring mood swings, fatigue, bloating, or cravings.

  • Energy levels may dip, especially in the first few days.

✨ In simple terms: Menstruation is the body’s natural process of shedding the uterine lining when pregnancy doesn’t happen — resetting the cycle for the next month.

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