What are the 4 stages of the menstrual cycle?

The menstrual cycle is a fascinating and complex process that prepares the body for pregnancy each month. Understanding the four key stages can help you better tune into your body’s rhythms and manage your reproductive health.

What Are the 4 Stages of the Menstrual Cycle?

The menstrual cycle typically lasts around 28 days but can range from 21 to 35 days. It is divided into four main phases:

1. Menstrual Phase (Days 1–5)

  • This is when your period (menstrual bleeding) occurs.

  • The uterus sheds its lining from the previous cycle, which exits the body as blood.

  • Symptoms can include cramps, fatigue, and mood changes.

  • This phase marks Day 1 of your cycle.

2. Follicular Phase (Days 1–13)

  • Overlaps with menstruation at the start.

  • The pituitary gland releases follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), which stimulates the ovaries to develop follicles (each contains an egg).

  • The uterine lining starts rebuilding in preparation for a possible pregnancy.

  • Estrogen levels rise, boosting energy and mood.

3. Ovulation Phase (Around Day 14)

  • A surge in luteinizing hormone (LH) causes the mature egg to be released from the ovary.

  • This is the most fertile period of the cycle.

  • Ovulation typically happens mid-cycle but can vary.

4. Luteal Phase (Days 15–28)

  • The empty follicle transforms into the corpus luteum, which secretes progesterone to maintain the uterine lining.

  • If the egg is not fertilized, progesterone levels drop, triggering menstruation.

  • Symptoms like bloating, breast tenderness, and mood swings can occur (PMS).

How to Calculate Your Menstrual Cycle

Step 1: Track Your Period Start Dates

  • Mark the first day of your period (bleeding) on a calendar—this is Day 1.

Step 2: Count the Days Until Your Next Period

  • The number of days from one Day 1 to the next Day 1 is your cycle length.

Step 3: Identify Your Cycle Pattern

  • Most cycles range from 21 to 35 days; keep tracking for several months to find your average.

Step 4: Estimate Ovulation

  • Ovulation usually occurs about 14 days before your next period.

  • For example, if your cycle is 28 days, ovulation is likely around day 14.

Why Knowing Your Cycle Helps

  • Helps with family planning or contraception.

  • Allows you to predict your period and prepare accordingly.

  • Makes it easier to identify irregularities or health issues.

  • Helps you understand your mood and energy fluctuations tied to hormones.

Useful Tools for Tracking

  • Apps like Flo, Clue, and many others help you log your cycle, symptoms, and predict ovulation.

  • A simple calendar or journal can also work.

Final Thoughts

The menstrual cycle is a natural, powerful process governed by hormonal changes. Understanding its four stages and learning how to calculate your cycle can help you feel more connected to your body and better manage your reproductive health.

Explore cycle-friendly menstrual products and trackers at Nyx Collection.

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