🩸 The Invention of Sanitary Pads: History, Materials & Modern Innovation
Sanitary pads, also known as menstrual pads, are now a standard product in menstrual care around the world. But have you ever wondered how they were invented or what they are made of? This blog explores the origin, evolution, and materials behind one of the most essential products in women’s health.
🕰️ A Brief History of Sanitary Pads
💡 Early Menstrual Protection
Before commercial sanitary pads were invented, people used various homemade solutions, including:
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Cloth rags
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Grass or moss
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Sheep wool or absorbent papers
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Cotton wrapped in bandages
These were reusable, often uncomfortable, and lacked hygiene. Cultural taboos also kept the topic of menstruation hidden and underdeveloped for centuries.
🏥 The First Breakthrough: Nurses in WWI
In the early 20th century, a major innovation occurred during World War I. Nurses working on the front lines discovered that cellulose bandages, used for dressing wounds, were highly absorbent and effective at soaking up blood.
This led to the first disposable sanitary napkins, introduced by the American company Kotex in 1920. The name came from “cotton-like texture,” even though they were made of wood pulp (cellulose).
🏭 What Are Sanitary Pads Made Of?
Modern sanitary pads are typically made from five main components:
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Top Sheet (Cover Layer)
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The part that touches the skin.
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Made from non-woven fabric—often polyethylene or polypropylene—to feel soft and dry.
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Acquisition and Distribution Layer (ADL)
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A layer that quickly pulls fluid away from the top and spreads it across the absorbent core.
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Absorbent Core
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Usually made from fluff pulp (cellulose fiber) and superabsorbent polymers (SAP) that turn liquid into gel.
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Fluff pulp comes from wood—mostly softwood trees like pine or spruce.
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Back Sheet (Leak-proof Layer)
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Prevents leakage and keeps the pad dry on the outside.
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Made from polyethylene film, sometimes combined with breathable fabrics.
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Adhesive Strips and Wrapper
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Adhesive secures the pad to underwear.
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Wrappers are often made of plastic or paper and may be biodegradable in eco-friendly brands.
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🌱 Eco-Friendly & Organic Options
With rising environmental concerns, many consumers are turning to organic and biodegradable pads that use:
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Organic cotton top sheets (free from pesticides or bleach)
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Biodegradable corn-based plastic films
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Compostable wrappers and plant-based adhesives
Brands like Rael, Natracare, and Lola focus on toxin-free, earth-friendly materials.
🧪 Are Sanitary Pads Safe?
Most commercial pads are considered safe for regular use, but some contain:
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Fragrances or chemicals that can irritate sensitive skin
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Chlorine-bleached materials, which may release trace amounts of dioxins
If you have sensitive skin or prefer natural care, look for pads labeled “fragrance-free,” “chlorine-free,” or “organic.”
🔍 Fun Fact: Pads vs. Tampons vs. Menstrual Cups
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Pads remain the most used menstrual product globally.
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In some countries, like India and parts of Africa, they are often the only accessible option.
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Menstrual cups and period underwear are growing in popularity as reusable and eco-friendly alternatives.
📚 Further Reading & Resources
💬 Final Thoughts
Sanitary pads have come a long way—from simple cloths to high-tech, ultra-absorbent, breathable designs. Whether you use traditional disposable pads or eco-friendly alternatives, understanding their origins and composition can help you make informed, healthier choices for your body and the planet.